Disrupting the Bilateral Relations between India and Pakistan

The arrest of Kulbshan Yadhav, an Indian spy added fuel to the already boiling relationship between India and Pakistan. India refutes the allegation of creating instability in Pakistan while terming the confessional statement by Kalboshan as a fabricated propaganda by Pakistan. On the other hand, Pakistan considers Yadhav’ arrest as a big achievement against India that has exposed the nefarious Indian face behind creating instability and uncertainty in Pakistan. The counter allegation between India and Pakistan of carrying out terrorist activities on each other’s soil continues to derail the peace process between both the countries. However, the cooperation between the two states can help them to curb the menace of terrorism together while giving them opportunity to have the maximum benefit of the regional alliances like CPEC

Caste Based Endogamy in a Punjabi Village of Pakistan

Caste based endogamy is one of the main characteristics of traditional caste system practiced in rural Pakistan. Members of different quoms do not inter-marry or at least do not prefer to marry out of their quom. While social acceptance for inter quom marriages among different landowning quoms is increasing in Punjabi villages, inter marriages between landowning quoms and service providing quoms are normatively discouraged even at present. As a result, members of landowning quoms and service providing quoms do not form kinship associations, which reproduce them as two mutually exclusive social groups placing landowning quoms at a higher and service providing quoms at a lower status category. Caste based status differences across landowning quoms and service providing quoms and emphasis on collective life in rural setting are seen as the main reasons that reinforce caste based endogamy. Educational, economic or professional accomplishments of the members of service providing quoms do not affect the structure of caste based endogamy in Punjabi villages. Though a few incidents of elopement marriages among landowning quoms and service providing quoms are found, such marriages do not generally gain social approval.&nbsp

Impact of Environmental, Social and Governance Factors on the performance of Fintech Companies in the UK

This research proposal aims to carry out research about how financial technology (FinTech) firms in the UK stick to sustainability measures as compared to their counterparts. In addition, to carry out research regarding the effect of sustainability measures on the performance of FinTech companies' stock. Secondary data from peer-reviewed origins would be collected from sources like Financial Times, Bank of England, Bloomberg or the Financial Conduct Authority

Does the labor market structure explain differences in poverty in rural Punjab?

The main focus of this study is Rural Punjab and it contributes to regional poverty research in two ways; first, using a more recent household survey data, carried out in August 2007 by the Pakistan Institute of Development Economics (PIDE), it provides fresh poverty estimates for the rural areas of the Punjab. Second, the poverty differential across the agroclimatic zones of Punjab have been explained by urbanization, overseas migration and the labor market structure operating in these zones. This study shows four major factors that explain inequalities in poverty levels. First, the rural areas of two zones, barani and rice/wheat, are well integrated with urban settings. This integration has allowed their rural populations to work in the industrial sector of Central Punjab and the services sector in North Punjab primarily Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Second, the belt from Lahore to Attock in the Punjab has benefited the most from overseas migration. The flow of remittances has helped in reducing poverty levels. Third, the cotton/wheat and low intensity zone still largely depend for employment on the agricultural sector while this dependency is very low in the barani zone, which has good opportunity to seek job opportunities for its labor force in the armed services and government departments. Finally, demographic and social factors including education are less favorable in the cotton/wheat and low intensity zones which negatively impacts on a breakthrough in poverty reduction

Does the labor market structure explain differences in poverty in rural Punjab?

The main focus of this study is Rural Punjab and it contributes to regional poverty research in two ways; first, using a more recent household survey data, carried out in August 2007 by the Pakistan Institute of Development Economics (PIDE), it provides fresh poverty estimates for the rural areas of the Punjab. Second, the poverty differential across the agroclimatic zones of Punjab have been explained by urbanization, overseas migration and the labor market structure operating in these zones. This study shows four major factors that explain inequalities in poverty levels. First, the rural areas of two zones, barani and rice/wheat, are well integrated with urban settings. This integration has allowed their rural populations to work in the industrial sector of Central Punjab and the services sector in North Punjab primarily Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Second, the belt from Lahore to Attock in the Punjab has benefited the most from overseas migration. The flow of remittances has helped in reducing poverty levels. Third, the cotton/wheat and low intensity zone still largely depend for employment on the agricultural sector while this dependency is very low in the barani zone, which has good opportunity to seek job opportunities for its labor force in the armed services and government departments. Finally, demographic and social factors including education are less favorable in the cotton/wheat and low intensity zones which negatively impacts on a breakthrough in poverty reduction

DOES CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY INFLUENCE JOB STRESS AND TURNOVER OF EMPLOYEE IN PRIVATE COLLEGES OF PESHAWAR, KP-PAKISTAN?

The main aim of this research is to fill the gap by accomplish a realistic study in Private colleges of Peshawar-Pakistan, by knowing the impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on job stress and turnover of employee. Adopted questionnaires were used and Data was collected from existing literature through extensive study. Data analysis was perform using SPSS. Corporate Social Responsibility, job stress and turnover have negative correlation. This study will give a base for planning out strategy for establishing corporate social Responsibility in Private Colleges of Peshawar for maintainable developments besides decreasing job stress level and employee turnover rate. There is less research done on corporate social Responsibility, job stress and turnover relation in educational sector particularly in private colleges of Peshawar, Pakistan

DOES CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY INFLUENCE JOB STRESS AND TURNOVER OF EMPLOYEE IN PRIVATE COLLEGES OF PESHAWAR, KP-PAKISTAN?

The main aim of this research is to fill the gap by accomplish a realistic study in Private colleges of Peshawar-Pakistan, by knowing the impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on job stress and turnover of employee. Adopted questionnaires were used and Data was collected from existing literature through extensive study. Data analysis was perform using SPSS. Corporate Social Responsibility, job stress and turnover have negative correlation. This study will give a base for planning out strategy for establishing corporate social Responsibility in Private Colleges of Peshawar for maintainable developments besides decreasing job stress level and employee turnover rate. There is less research done on corporate social Responsibility, job stress and turnover relation in educational sector particularly in private colleges of Peshawar, Pakistan

A Quantum based Evolutionary Algorithm for Stock Index and Bitcoin Price Forecasting

Quantum computing has emerged as a new dimension with various applications in different fields like robotic, cryptography, uncertainty modeling etc. On the other hand, nature inspired techniques are playing vital role in solving complex problems through evolutionary approach. While evolutionary approaches are good to solve stochastic problems in unbounded search space, predicting uncertain and ambiguous problems in real life is of immense importance. With improved forecasting accuracy many unforeseen events can be managed well. In this paper a novel algorithm for Fuzzy Time Series (FTS) prediction by using Quantum concepts is proposed in this paper. Quantum Evolutionary Algorithm (QEA) is used along with fuzzy logic for prediction of time series data. QEA is applied on interval lengths for finding out optimized lengths of intervals producing best forecasting accuracy. The algorithm is applied for forecasting Taiwan Futures Exchange (TIAFEX) index as well as for Bitcoin crypto currency time series data as a new approach. Model results were compared with many preceding algorithms

Correlation of Academic Performance with Student Attendance in Pre-Clinical and Clinical Years of Undergraduate Medical Education

Objective: To investigate the correlation between student attendance and academic performance in undergraduate medical education, with a focus on exploring potential similarities or differences in correlation patterns between pre-clinical and clinical years. Study Design:Retrospective cross-sectional, correlational study. Place and Duration of Study: Saidu Medical College Swat Pakistan from 1 March 2018 to 26 November 2020. Materials and Methods: A total of 450 students from preclinical and clinical years were studied. Student attendance and marks obtained during their annual exams were converted to percentage values. To measure the strength of correlation, the Pearson Correlation coefficient was calculated using SPSS version 25. Initially, the correlation coefficient of Pre-clinical and Clinical students was calculated independently, the results were then compared against each other to understand the difference between the two cohorts. Scatter plots and regression analysis were calculated to depict the relation between variables. A p-value < 0.05 was deemed statistically significant. Result: A statistically significant positive correlation between class attendance and academic performance of pre-clinical students was found (r = 0.227, p < 0.001). The mean attendance of Pre-Clinical Students was (86.4) with a standard deviation of SD ± 5.638. Analysis of clinical students revealed a very weak negative but statistically insignificant correlation, (r = -0.037, p < 0.73). Mean attendance was measured to be (83.1) with a standard deviation of SD ± 5.83. Conclusion: This study points to a previously unexplored dissimilarity in the correlation between lecture attendance and academic performance among clinical year as compared with pre-clinical year students, underscoring the dynamic nature of the relationship between attendance and academic performance throughout different phases of medical education. Further research exploring the factors influencing academic performance in clinical years is required to understand the complex interplay between attendance and academic performance

Does the labor market structure explain differences in poverty in rural Punjab?

The main focus of this study is Rural Punjab and it contributes to regional poverty research in two ways; first, using a more recent household survey data, carried out in August 2007 by the Pakistan Institute of Development Economics (PIDE), it provides fresh poverty estimates for the rural areas of the Punjab. Second, the poverty differential across the agroclimatic zones of Punjab have been explained by urbanization, overseas migration and the labor market structure operating in these zones. This study shows four major factors that explain inequalities in poverty levels. First, the rural areas of two zones, barani and rice/wheat, are well integrated with urban settings. This integration has allowed their rural populations to work in the industrial sector of Central Punjab and the services sector in North Punjab primarily Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Second, the belt from Lahore to Attock in the Punjab has benefited the most from overseas migration. The flow of remittances has helped in reducing poverty levels. Third, the cotton/wheat and low intensity zone still largely depend for employment on the agricultural sector while this dependency is very low in the barani zone, which has good opportunity to seek job opportunities for its labor force in the armed services and government departments. Finally, demographic and social factors including education are less favorable in the cotton/wheat and low intensity zones which negatively impacts on a breakthrough in poverty reduction